← A given environment: geographic concepts and skills

Part (c): evaluate the impacts or consequences (every paper)

Dimensions that vary year to year, resource evidence, then a justified judgement.

Dimension	What to look for in the resources
Environmental	Habitat, water and air quality, soil, species, land cover change
Social	Deaths and injuries, displacement, health, services, education
Economic	Damage cost, lost production, jobs, rebuild spending, insurance
Cultural	Sites of significance, practices, identity, language, access

The exact dimensions named in the question move year to year — 2025 asked for all four; 2024's wording named only environmental, economic and social. Answer the dimensions the question actually names, then judge: which is most significant, against a named criterion — people affected, area, duration, reversibility, or whether it triggers the others.

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Describing the impacts and stopping

"Evaluate" is a weighing command. Well-evidenced impacts with no judgement is a strong describe answer and cannot reach the top band. State your criterion, apply it, and commit to an answer. Exam-style A single most-significant-impact judgement (2023's task shape) What is the most significant impact of severe flooding for a delta country? Justify your response. Name a criterion explicitly: irreversibility, scale of population affected, or duration of disruption. Apply it: displacement of hundreds of thousands of people from flooded farmland is both large-scale AND long-lasting, since lost harvests take a full growing season to recover. Compare briefly against a rejected alternative: infrastructure damage is costly but repairable within months, whereas lost livelihoods and food insecurity persist far longer. ✓ A judgement stated up front, applied against a named criterion, with a brief comparison to a rejected alternative — that structure works whether the question asks for one impact or four.

Practise just this