← Gene expression

DNA → RNA → protein (every paper)

Transcription: nucleus. Translation: ribosome. Codon table is provided in the paper.

Step	Where	Pairing	Product
Transcription	Nucleus	DNA → mRNA (A–U, C–G)	mRNA
Translation	Ribosome	mRNA codon ↔ tRNA anticodon	Polypeptide

Information flows DNA → RNA → protein — never backwards.

Exam-style Template strand TAC GGA TTC mRNA, then amino acids (AUG=met, CCU=pro, AAG=lys). mRNA: AUG CCU AAG Codons read from the table: met, pro, lys tRNA anticodons: UAC GGA UUC ✓ AUG CCU AAG → met–pro–lys. Show the pairing rule each step.

Practice for this standard covers the whole topic — flashcards and quiz.